List of References

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) & Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) (2022) ASC 842: Lease/non-lease practical expedient – reporting consequences. Available at: https://www.aicpa-cima.com/resources/download/asc-842-lease-non-lease-practical-expedient-reporting-consequences (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Australasian Council of Auditors-General (ACAG) (2025) Submission to the AASB post‑implementation review of AASB 16 Leases [Submission]. Canberra: Australasian Council of Auditors‑General.

Australian Taxation Office (ATO) (2024) Claiming GST credits. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/gst-excise-and-indirect-taxes/gst/claiming-gst-credits (Accessed: 24 April 2026)

BDO (2025) ‘Transition provisions in FRS 102’s new lease accounting model: the pros and cons’. Available at: https://www.bdo.co.uk/en-gb/insights/audit-and-assurance/financial-reporting-solutions/transition-provisions-in-frs-102%E2%80%99s-new-lease-accounting-model-the-pros-and-cons (Accessed: 14 May 2026).

Better Regulation (2020) IFRS 16: Leases – Basis for Conclusions: Transition, Lessees (paragraphs C5–C13). Available at: https://service.betterregulation.com/document/428047 (Accessed: 14 May 2026).

Brown, D. (2025) Lease Accounting Under IFRS 16: Are the Benefits Worth the Costs? (May 17, 2025), Dawgen Global.

Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) (2023) Input tax credits. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/gst-hst-businesses/calculate-prepare-report/input-tax-credit.html (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Chartered Accountants Ireland (2024) FRS 102 Section 11: Basic Financial Instruments (amortised cost and effective interest method). Available at: https://www.charteredaccountants.ie (Accessed: 24 May 2026).

Deloitte (2018) Lease accounting implementation roadmap. August. London: Deloitte LLP.

Deloitte (2018b) ‘FASB Re-Leases Targeted Improvements to ASC 842 (ASU 2018-11)’. Available at: https://dart.deloitte.com/USDART/home/publications/archive/deloitte-publications/heads-up/2018/fasb-re-leases-targeted-improvements-asc (Accessed: 14 May 2026)

EY (2019) Applying IFRS 16: Judgments and challenges. IFRS Developments Series. London: Ernst & Young.

Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) (2018) Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards No. 54: Leases. Washington, DC: FASAB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2010) Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6: Elements of financial statements. Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2016a) Accounting Standards Update No. 2016‑02: Leases (Topic 842). Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2016b) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842: Leases. Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2024a) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 410: Asset retirement and environmental obligations. Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2024b) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 360: Property, plant, and equipment. Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2024c) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 830: Foreign currency matters. Norwalk, CT: FASB.

Financial Reporting Council (FRC) (2018) FRS 102: The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland. London: Financial Reporting Council.

Financial Reporting Council (FRC) (2022) Amendments to FRS 102 – Lease accounting (IFRS 16 alignment). London: Financial Reporting Council.

Financial Reporting Council (FRC) (2024) FRC issues updated suite of factsheets for FRS 102. Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/11/frc-issues-updated-suite-of-factsheets-for-frs-102/ (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Financial Reporting Council (FRC) (2025) FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland. London: FRC.

FTI Consulting (2019) IFRS 16: Sector impacts and performance metrics. London: FTI Consulting.

Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) (2017) Statement No. 87: Leases. Norwalk, CT: Governmental Accounting Standards Board.

Grant Thornton Malaysia (2025) General overview on Sales Tax and Service Tax in Malaysia. Available at: https://www.grantthornton.com.my/insights/articles-and-publications/sales-service-tax-sst-malaysia-overview/ (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) (2022) Exemption and partial exemption from VAT. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/vat-exemption-and-partial-exemption (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) (2025) Partial exemption (VAT Notice 706). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/partial-exemption-vat-notice-706 (Accessed: 24 April 2026)

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) (2025b) FRS 102 guidance and updates. London: HM Revenue & Customs.

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) (2025c) Corporate Finance Manual: Measurement of basic financial instruments under FRS 102. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/corporate-finance-manual/cfm23040 (Accessed: 24 May 2026)

IFRS Foundation (2016) IFRS 16 Leases: Effects analysis. London: IFRS Foundation.

IFRS Foundation (2023) IFRS 16 Leases (HTML edition). Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/publications/html-standards/english/2023/issued/ifrs16.html (Accessed: 14 May 2026).

IFRS Foundation (2024) IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. London: IFRS Foundation.

IFRS Interpretations Committee (2004) IFRIC 1: Changes in existing decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities. London: International Accounting Standards Board.

IFRS Interpretations Committee (2021a) Agenda decision: Non‑refundable value added tax on lease payments (IFRS 16). September. London: IFRS Foundation.

IFRS Interpretations Committee (2021b) Non-refundable Value Added Tax on Lease Payments (IFRS 16). Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/supporting-implementation/agenda-decisions/2021/ifrs-16-non-refundable-value-added-tax-on-lease-payments.pdf (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Inland Revenue (New Zealand) (n.d.) Claiming GST. Available at: https://www.ird.govt.nz/gst/claiming-gst (Accessed: 24 April 2026). [youtube.com]

Inland Revenue (New Zealand) (2021) Claim input tax credits on expenses. Available at: https://www.ird.govt.nz/gst/claiming-gst/claim-input-tax-credits-on-expenses (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) (n.d.) Conditions for claiming input tax. Available at: https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/goods-services-tax-%28gst%29/claiming-gst-%28input-tax%29/conditions-for-claiming-input-tax (Accessed: 24 April 2026)

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (1998) IAS 37: Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2004a) IAS 36: Impairment of assets. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2004b) IAS 21: The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2014) IFRS 9: Financial instruments. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2016) IFRS 16: Leases. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2018) Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2023a) IAS 1: Presentation of financial statements. London: IASB.

International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (2023b) IFRS for SMEs Standard (3rd ed.). London: IASB.

International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) (2022) IPSAS 43: Leases. New York, NY: International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board.

KPMG (2020) IFRS 16: Implementation considerations and challenges. London: KPMG.

KPMG (2021) IFRS 16 – An overview: The new normal for lease accounting. London: KPMG.

KPMG (2025a) Lease accounting: IFRS® Accounting Standards vs US GAAP – Top 10 differences between ASC Topic 842 and IFRS 16 for lessees. London: KPMG.

KPMG (2025b) Handbook: Leases – US GAAP (ASC 842). London: KPMG.

LegalClarity (2026) ASC 842-10-65-1: Transition and Effective Date Rules. Available at: https://legalclarity.org/asc-842-10-65-1-transition-guidance-and-practical-expedients/ (Accessed: 14 May 2026).

Olivier, M. (2026) Lease accounting standards around the world: Who uses what. Rubli Insights, 7 March. Available at: https://www.rubli.co/insights/lease-accounting-standards-around-the-world/ (Accessed: April 24, 2026).

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2018) Manual vs. systemised lease accounting. PwC Lease Accounting Insights. London: PwC.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2023) 2.4 Separating lease and nonlease components (US Leases guide, Viewpoint). Available at: https://viewpoint.pwc.com/dt/us/en/pwc/accounting_guides/leases/leases__4_US/chapter_2_scope__1_US/24_separating_lease__US.html (Accessed: 24 April 2026). [youtube.com]

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2023b) Leases guide: Overall transition and practical expedients (ASC 842). Available at: https://viewpoint.pwc.com/dt/us/en/pwc/accounting_guides/leases/leases__4_US/chapter_9_effective_US/93_overall_transiti_US.html (Accessed: 14 May 2026).

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2024) Amendments to FRS 102 on lease accounting (UK In depth). Available at: https://viewpoint.pwc.com/dt/uk/en/pwc/uk_in_depths/uk_in_depths_UK/amendments-to-frs-102.html (Accessed: 24 April 2026)

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2025) Leases guide: ASC 842. London: PwC.

Province of British Columbia (2026) B.C. provincial sales tax (PST). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/sales-taxes/pst (Accessed: 24 April 2026)

Revenue Commissioners (2025) Reclaiming VAT. Available at: https://www.revenue.ie/en/vat/reclaiming-vat/index.aspx (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

Revenu Québec (n.d.) Input Tax Credits (ITCs) and Input Tax Refunds (ITRs). Available at: https://www.revenuquebec.ca/en/businesses/consumption-taxes/gsthst-and-qst/itcs-and-itrs/ (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

RSM International (2021) IFRS 16 – Accounting for VAT on lease payments by lessees. RSM Global IFRS News, 18 August. London: RSM International.

RSM US LLP (2020) U.S. GAAP vs. IFRS: Leases. White paper. April. Chicago, IL: RSM US LLP.

South African Accounting Academy (2025) Updated IFRS for SMEs – 3rd edition. Accounting Academy News, 24 March. Available at: https://accountingacademy.co.za/news/read/updated-ifrs-for-smes-3rd-edition (Accessed: 24 April 2026).

South African Revenue Service (SARS) (2026) Value-Added Tax. Available at: https://www.sars.gov.za/types-of-tax/value-added-tax/ (Accessed: 24 April 2026)